작성일: 2023년 10월 15일
[ 강의 동영상 ]
계영수 님이 GNS3 강의 동영상을 만든지 4년이 지나서 지금 GNS3 버전과 GUI 구성이 조금 달라서 헷갈릴 수 있지만,
이 동영상이 큰 도움이 된다.
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL30o9a_lTg-KN4UmwKj2txuY3Vrd1nMrx
GNS3 및 CISCO Switch 명령 예제 모음
테스트할 때마다 사용하는 명령을 명령어 수행 순서대로 기록해보았다.
CISCO Switch Port에 IP Address 설정하기
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| R1 |
| Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. |
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| R1(config) |
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| R1(config-if) |
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| R1(config-if) |
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| R1(config-if) |
| *Jul 2 21:14:42.231: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console |
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| R1 |
| Type escape sequence to abort. |
| Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds: |
| !!!!! |
| Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/30/68 ms |
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| R1 |
CISCO Switch Loopback Port에 IP Address 설정하기
| R1 |
| Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. |
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| R1(config) |
| R1(config-if) |
| *Jul 3 12:59:03.859: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up |
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| R1(config-if) |
| R1(config-if) |
| R1 |
| *Jul 3 12:59:45.647: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console |
| R1 |
CISCO Switch에 BGP 설정하기
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| R1 |
| Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. |
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| R1(config) |
| R1(config-router) |
| R1(config-router) |
| R1 |
| *Jul 3 13:05:03.939: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console |
| R1 |
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| R2 |
| Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. |
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| R2(config) |
| R2(config-router) |
| R2(config-router) |
| R2 |
| *Jul 3 13:07:28.543: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console |
| R2 |
| *Jul 3 13:07:35.307: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.1.1.1 Up |
| R2 |
BGP 설정 내용 확인하기
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| R1 |
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| BGP router identifier 1.1.1.1, local AS number 100 |
| BGP table version is 1, main routing table version 1 |
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| Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd |
| 10.1.1.2 4 200 7 7 1 0 0 00:02:53 0 |
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| R1 |
| BGP neighbor is 10.1.1.2, remote AS 200, external link |
| BGP version 4, remote router ID 2.2.2.2 |
| BGP state = Established, up for 00:05:43 |
| Last read 00:00:20, last write 00:00:14, hold time is 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds |
| Neighbor sessions: |
| 1 active, is not multisession capable (disabled) |
| Neighbor capabilities: |
| Route refresh: advertised and received(new) |
| Four-octets ASN Capability: advertised and received |
| Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised and received |
| Enhanced Refresh Capability: advertised and received |
| Multisession Capability: |
| Stateful switchover support enabled: NO for session 1 |
| Message statistics: |
| InQ depth is 0 |
| OutQ depth is 0 |
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| Sent Rcvd |
| Opens: 1 1 |
| Notifications: 0 0 |
| Updates: 1 1 |
| Keepalives: 8 8 |
| Route Refresh: 0 0 |
| Total: 10 10 |
| Default minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds |
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| For address family: IPv4 Unicast |
| Session: 10.1.1.2 |
| BGP table version 1, neighbor version 1/0 |
| Output queue size : 0 |
| Index 1, Advertise bit 0 |
| 1 update-group member |
| Slow-peer detection is disabled |
| Slow-peer split-update-group dynamic is disabled |
| Sent Rcvd |
| Prefix activity: ---- ---- |
| Prefixes Current: 0 0 |
| Prefixes Total: 0 0 |
| Implicit Withdraw: 0 0 |
| Explicit Withdraw: 0 0 |
| Used as bestpath: n/a 0 |
| Used as multipath: n/a 0 |
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| Outbound Inbound |
| Local Policy Denied Prefixes: -------- ------- |
| Total: 0 0 |
| Number of NLRIs in the update sent: max 0, min 0 |
| Last detected as dynamic slow peer: never |
| Dynamic slow peer recovered: never |
| Refresh Epoch: 1 |
| Last Sent Refresh Start-of-rib: never |
| Last Sent Refresh End-of-rib: never |
| Last Received Refresh Start-of-rib: never |
| Last Received Refresh End-of-rib: never |
| Sent Rcvd |
| Refresh activity: ---- ---- |
| Refresh Start-of-RIB 0 0 |
| Refresh End-of-RIB 0 0 |
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| Address tracking is enabled, the RIB does have a route to 10.1.1.2 |
| Connections established 1; dropped 0 |
| Last reset never |
| Transport(tcp) path-mtu-discovery is enabled |
| Graceful-Restart is disabled |
| Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0 |
| Connection is ECN Disabled, Mininum incoming TTL 0, Outgoing TTL 1 |
| Local host: 10.1.1.1, Local port: 37711 |
| Foreign host: 10.1.1.2, Foreign port: 179 |
| Connection tableid (VRF): 0 |
| Maximum output segment queue size: 50 |
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| Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes) |
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| Event Timers (current time is 0x118E84): |
| Timer Starts Wakeups Next |
| Retrans 10 0 0x0 |
| TimeWait 0 0 0x0 |
| AckHold 9 6 0x0 |
| SendWnd 0 0 0x0 |
| KeepAlive 0 0 0x0 |
| GiveUp 0 0 0x0 |
| PmtuAger 1 0 0x157854 |
| DeadWait 0 0 0x0 |
| Linger 0 0 0x0 |
| ProcessQ 0 0 0x0 |
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| iss: 1109643795 snduna: 1109644028 sndnxt: 1109644028 |
| irs: 864525182 rcvnxt: 864525415 |
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| sndwnd: 16152 scale: 0 maxrcvwnd: 16384 |
| rcvwnd: 16152 scale: 0 delrcvwnd: 232 |
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| SRTT: 737 ms, RTTO: 2506 ms, RTV: 1769 ms, KRTT: 0 ms |
| minRTT: 48 ms, maxRTT: 1000 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms |
| Status Flags: active open |
| Option Flags: nagle, path mtu capable |
| IP Precedence value : 6 |
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| Datagrams (max data segment is 1460 bytes): |
| Rcvd: 19 (out of order: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 232 |
| Sent: 20 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0, partialack: 0, Second Congestion: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 232 |
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| Packets received in fast path: 0, fast processed: 0, slow path: 0 |
| fast lock acquisition failures: 0, slow path: 0 |
| TCP Semaphore 0x6AA22B60 FREE |
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| R1 |
IP Routing Table 정보 조회하기
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| Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP |
| D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area |
| N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 |
| E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 |
| i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 |
| ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route |
| o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP |
| + - replicated route, % - next hop override |
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| Gateway of last resort is not set |
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| 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets |
| C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 |
| 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks |
| C 10.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 |
| L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 |
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| R1 |
BGP 이용하여 Network Route 광고(Advertisement)
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| R1 |
| Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. |
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| R1(config) |
| R1(config-router) |
| R1(config-router) |
| *Jul 3 14:26:39.559: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console |
| R1 |
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| R2 |
| BGP router identifier 2.2.2.2, local AS number 200 |
| BGP table version is 2, main routing table version 2 |
| 1 network entries using 148 bytes of memory |
| 1 path entries using 64 bytes of memory |
| 1/1 BGP path/bestpath attribute entries using 136 bytes of memory |
| 1 BGP AS-PATH entries using 24 bytes of memory |
| 0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory |
| 0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory |
| BGP using 372 total bytes of memory |
| BGP activity 1/0 prefixes, 1/0 paths, scan interval 60 secs |
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| Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd |
| 10.1.1.1 4 100 83 82 2 0 0 01:11:20 1 |
| R2 |
BGP Network Route 광고 정보 조회
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| R1 |
| BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 1.1.1.1 |
| Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, |
| r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter, |
| x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed, |
| Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete |
| RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found |
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| Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path |
| *> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i |
| R1 |
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| R2 |
| BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 2.2.2.2 |
| Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal, |
| r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter, |
| x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed, |
| Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete |
| RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found |
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| Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path |
| *> 1.1.1.1/32 10.1.1.1 0 0 100 i |
| R2 |
